Sea sand has been widely used for preparing concrete in Britain, Singapore, Japan, and the Middle East [2], [3]. Large amounts of chloride ions in seawater and sea sand considerably reduce the durability of structural steel. Therefore, seawater and sea sand usually must be desalinated before use, consuming considerable manpower …
As for sea-sand concrete, Xie et al. [102] found that the addition of sea-sand increased the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete while Bian et al. [53] found that the chloride diffusion coefficient of sea-sand concrete was decreased compared to ordinary concrete. The different types of sea-sand in these two studies may be the …
The fine aggregates are complied with the requirement of BS EN 122620:2013 [34].Sea sand and river sand are extracted from Guangdong, China. The chlorine (Cl −) concentration in sea sand (0.026 %) is higher than of river sand (0.004 %).Shell content of sea sand and river sand was measured to be 0.59 % and 0.53 %, …
Strong evidence exists that a combination of mineral admixtures for the concrete and reinforcement with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) can effectively solve the …
And Kaushik et al. (1995) also found that the compressive strength would be decreased by 13% at 28 days when using seawater. Most studies agreed that seawater or/ and sea-sand concrete had a ...
Salt Content: Sea sand has higher salt content compared to river sand, which can affect its suitability for construction. Cleanliness: River sand is generally cleaner, whereas sea sand may contain organic matter and debris. Grain Shape: River sand …
Seawater and sea sand concretes (SW-SS) have been undergoing evaluation as viable alternatives in concrete production. This review critically evaluates …
In comparison to regular reinforced concrete, chloride ions and sulfate ions in seawater and sea sand could speed up the corrosion of steel bars in concrete and cause the volume expansion of steel bars, resulting in concrete cracking ( in Fig. 1).The negative contribution of chloride ions to concrete is dominant among the ions present in …
The FRP-reinforced seawater sea sand concrete (FRP-SWSC) utilizes a chloride corrosion-free FRP bars and opens a new avenue for concrete production with the direct employment of locally original ...
AbstractUtilizing seawater and sea-sand for producing ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) can substantially reduce raw materials costs and alleviate the current freshwater and river sand resources shortage in coastal and marine areas. However, the ...
The durability of seawater sea-sand concrete (SSC) and/or sea-sand concrete (SC) structures exposed to harsh marine environments is crucial to their service life. In this study, we investigated the capillary water absorption of SSC, SC, and ordinary concrete (OC) with different water–binder ratios (i.e., 0.38 and 0.28) in deionized water …
Sand gradation are fine as well. 2.2. Preparation. It is widely accepted that the chloride content has a notable effect on the corrosion of ordinary steel in reinforced concrete [15].By using accelerated corrosion testing and changing the Cl − content in sea-sand, Dias et al. [16] showed that steel reinforcement corrosion became significant …
For concrete based on seawater and sea sand mixed with admixture, the downward trend of late strength is significantly delayed, the late strength of concrete based on the seawater and sea sand ...
Tau V, Thuan B (2006) Research sea sand concrete. Dissertation, University of Transport, Le Van Bach 2. Hong DH (2003) Countermeasures of reinforced concrete with sea sand in coastal areas. Concrete 160:17–28 3. Tumidajski PJ, Chan GW (1996) Boltzmann-Matano analysis of chloride diffusion into blended cement concrete. J Mater Civ Eng
The processed sediment is then employed to prepare sustainable seawater sea sand concrete by partially replacing cement, and a seawater sea sand concrete design model considering mechanical properties and environmental performance is proposed for various application scenarios. 2. Experimental program2.1. Raw materials
To address this issue, the bond durability performance of BFRP bar-reinforced low-alkalinity seawater sea sand concrete (SWSSC) after aging in seawater was investigated using the central pull-out test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to characterize the microstructure of BFRP bar-SWSSC interfaces. The …
This paper has presented a critical review of existing and ongoing research on the use of sea-sand and/or seawater as raw materials for concrete to replace river …
3. Concrete Sand. Concrete sand consists of granite rock, gneiss, or limestone. This sand has angular granules and works best when mixed with cement. Besides usage in concrete, concrete sand can also be used in bedding pipes. This type of sand is usually crushed in a quarry and filtered severally to remove huge fragments and …
Di et al. [26] investigated marine sand from the Zhoushan Seas and determined 2652 and 1370.3 kg/m 3 apparent and bulk densities of marine sand with shell and mud contents of 0.23 % and 0.27 % ...
Sea sand is a widely available form of sand on comparing with the river sand. Sea sand is not used widely because it may contain chloride, sea shells in large numbers and other harmful chemicals like Fe 2 O 3, V 2 O 5, Cr 2 O 3, Ga 2 O 3, Br 2 O and Re 2 O 7.The usage of sea- sand may either address the concrete's existing …
Only good thing about beach sand is that it is available in plenty. Beach sand is laden with salts, chloride and sulphates are very harmful elements leading to deterioration of reinforcement and concrete. This calls for cleaning the sand incurring huge costs. In Middle East sand is mined and washed several times to get rid of the salt.
The use of sea sand and seawater in concrete can provide sustainability to natural resources, while improving the mechanical …
The study aims to address the depletion of river sand by integrating sea sand as a fine aggregate in the production of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) through a …
The use of sea sand concrete in China can be traced back to the construction of the Sanshandao gold mine in Shandong in the late 1980 s, which is still in service [10]. With the economic development and increasingly serious resource problems, in 2019, Chinese sea sand mining output will be more than 450 million tons, and the …
River sand has been used as the sowing medium for rubber seeds in commercial nurseries during the last decades. Due to the recent growth in the construction industry in Sri Lanka, the demand for ...
Utilizing seawater and sea-sand for producing ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) can substantially reduce raw materials costs and alleviate the current …
There has been explosive growth in the research of seawater sea sand concrete in recent years [1,7,8]. Some researchers [1, 9,10] tested the compressive strength of sea sand concrete and found ...
The simplex centroid design method was used to optimize OPC-SF-FA ternary blends [39].Fly ash (FA) is used to decrease the viscosity, heat release and improve the volume stability of the OPC-SF blend [40].Table 1 shows the chemical composition (determined by X-ray fluorescent (XRF)) of the three components. The water/binder …
Advantages of Sea Sand. Sea sand particles are rounded or cubical, same as river sand. Grading of the sea sand is finer than the river sand. It does not contain silt or organic materials. Readily available though they need to be cleaned. Material grading and its consistency are added benefits. Mining can be done at a reasonable cost. Countries ...
Sand is often utilized as a fine aggregate in concrete, contributing 22 to 62% of the total mass. The quantity and features of sand in concrete have an impact on its workability, mechanical characteristics, and durability. Effective replacements are needed as natural silica sand becomes scarcer. By incorporating these by-products into …
Ultra-high performance seawater sea sand concrete (UHPSSC) is an advanced green sustainable cementitious material that is prepared using seawater and sea sand. Similar to UHPC, UHPSSC exhibits an exceptionally low porosity and a non-continuous pore structure. These characteristics limit the erosion of external water and …
The particle size distribution was measured. The short-term mechanical properties of sea sand–seawater concrete were compared with conventional concrete. The concrete samples were cured in natural marine conditions and atmospheric conditions and tested at 7 and 28 days. Sea sand–seawater concrete had a high early …
