Aggregates shall be stockpiled as individual size fractions and blended in the mix so as to meet the combined gradation requirements shown in Table 4. ... Sulphate content (SO4) ‡ ... Sand & Gravel Association. T: 905.507.0711 | 5720 …
The aggregates used in the production of concrete are inert granular materials such as gravel, crushed stone, sand, slag, recycled concrete, and geosynthetic aggregates. ... ASTM C88 - Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or ... and shrinkage are governed by the properties (composition, shape, and size) of …
The final reported loss value (reported as a percentage of total aggregate mass) is a weighted average of the mass loss of each size range. Figure 2 shows the sulfate chemical bottles and basket used to suspend the aggregate in the sulfate solution. Figure 2: Aggregate basket surrounded by sulfate bottles. Approximate Test Time. About 5 days.
Sulfate Resisting (Type SR) cement. However use of this product does not guarantee sulfate resisting or low shrinkage concrete as there are other factors which may influence concrete performance including cementitious content, water to cement ratio, compaction and curing as well as aggregate type. Further advice should be sought on
The main objective and aim of this study are to find an easy and suitable solution (magnetic water process) to treat fine aggregate (sand) from high sulfate content (sulfate washing process). Fig. 1 shows the mechanism of magnetic water technology.
The present study investigates the performance of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and self-compacting sand concrete (SCSC) incorporating recycled concrete fines and aggregate under different sulphate environments. Similar mixtures incorporating natural aggregates and natural pozzolana were also tested for comparison.
It can be seen in Fig. 1 that the BS 8500 (BS 8500-1, 2006) total chloride limit for reinforced concrete that is non-heat curing and made with sulphate resistance cement (0.2) is nearly violated at mix M4 (w/c = 0.48) even though the chloride content is less than BS 882 (BS 882, 1992) standardized limits for aggregate and ASTM C 94 (ASTM C 94 ...
In order to investigate the strengthening influence of silica fume on the sulfate corrosion resistance of reclaimed coal gangue sand concrete (RCGSC), the compressive strength, failure morphology, micromorphology, phase composition, compressive strength efficiency and corrosion resistance coefficient were analyzed, …
In mortars made with commercial, low C 3 A content (Ref.) sulfate-resistant cement, barium carbonate sand inhibited gypsum and ettringite formation, ... In fact, limestone aggregate, widespread in regions or countries with a limited supply of river sand and gravel [26], [27], is one of the major causes of thaumasite sulfate attack (TSA), ...
The sulfate resistance was also reported to be worse in RC, compared to ordinary concrete (NC), when a high content of recycled aggregates was used [36,37,38,39]. Therefore, how to prevent or reduce the damage of sulfate attack to concrete structures and improve the sulfate corrosion resistance of recycled concrete has …
When the particle size is greater than 0.075 mm (mainly sand), the change in the particle size distribution graph is small with the change of the sulfate content, indicating that sulfate content has no …
The study was conducted in four stages: (a) mineralogical and chemical analysis, (b) aggregate tests (percentage of fine materials, methylene blue absorption, sand equivalent, particle density, water absorption, loose bulk density, magnesium sulfate value, and alkali–silica reactivity), (c) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe …
SO 4 2− dissolved more easily when the particle size of aggregate was smaller. When the SO 3 content in the sand was less than 1.5% at 56 days, all the gypsum was dissolved. That was the reason why the expansion of specimens with a smaller SO 3 content (1.25% for fine aggregate and 3% for coarse aggregate) was not significant.
WEBTable 6 summarizes the chlorides and sulphates contents in NA, VRA and CRA. These values correspond to average measurements on two samples (approximately 200 g of aggregates by sample). ......
Siliceous sand with a specific gravity of 2.56 and water absorption of 0.4% was used as a fine aggregate. A polycarboxylate-based high range water reducing admixture (HRWR) conforming to ASTM C494 [20] standard type F was also added to the mixtures. The solids content and specific gravity of the HRWR were 42% and 1.05.
Quantities of materials for concrete such as cement, sand and aggregates for production of required quantity of concrete of given mix proportions such as 1:2:4 (M15), 1:1.5: 3 (M20), 1:1:2 (M25) can be calculated by absolute volume method. ... fine aggregates and coarse aggregates respectively. The air content has been ignored in …
The Ultimate Sand and Gravel Calculator; Concrete Mix Design Calculator (Based on the ACI Code) ... These include sulfate exposure, freeze and thaw cycles, water contact, and chloride exposure. ... The absorption and moisture content of the coarse aggregate are 3% and 1.2% respectively. Whereas, for fine aggregate the absorption and moisture ...
Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate ASTM C88/C88M - 18 Page 1 of 9 4. Significance and Use 4.1 This test method provides a procedure for making a preliminary estimate of the soundness of aggregates for use in concrete and other purposes. The values obtained may be compared with
Moreover, sulfates are commonly formed in aggregates as a result of oxidation of original sulfides, either before or after incorporation of the aggregate into concrete. Hence, they must be discussed in connection with both oxidation phenomena and the effect of sulfides.
A detailed conductivity test method for sulfate ion content in hardened concrete was designed. • The diffusion equation of manufactured sand concrete under sulfate freeze-thaw cycles is derived by proposing the limit number of freeze-thaw cycles N 0 and the limit diffusion depth X 0.. The diffusion parameter v proposed by is a new …
Sulphate Content – BS1377-3:1990:5.4 & 5.6 Sulphate Content – BS812-118:1988:5.5.2.1 Sulphate Content – BS812-118:1988:5.5.2.2 Sulphate Content – BS812-118:1988:6 Sulphate Content – BS812-118:1988:A Meth 1 Sulphate Content – BS812-118:1988:A Meth 2 Output. Graphic Text Report | L CH SULPHATE CONTENT; …
Abstract Sand contaminated with sulphates is a local problem in the Middle East Area. It is difficult to obtain well graded sand with sulphate content within the limits specified by international standards. Inter-national standard adopt different concepts in limiting internal SO 3 contents in concrete. Some standards put maximum limits for SO
The coarse aggregate used in regular concrete is basalt crushed stone with a particle size of 5–20 mm. It has an apparent density of 2700 kg/m 3 and a bulk density of 1450 kg/m 3.The fine aggregate is river sand with a fineness modulus of 2.8, and it has an apparent density of 2610 kg/m 3 and a bulk density of 1440 kg/m 3.For our research, the …
Most regulations prescribe the limiting content of sulfates in aggregates as a total percentage of their weight, with values between 0.2 and 1.0% [9,11]. However, several studies have investigated concretes and mortars with recycled aggregates contaminated with sulfate-based materials, and the results show that these limits may be conservative.
With the depletion and increasing demand of river sand, machine-made sand could be used more and more in concrete. In order to improve the properties of machine-made sand concrete, the effects of the aggregate micro fines (AMF) content, aluminum sulfate, and polypropylene fibers (PPF) on the slump, compressive strength, …
Sand contaminated with sulphates is a local problem in the Middle East Area. It is difficult to obtain well graded sand with sulphate content within the limits specified by international standards. International standard adopt different concepts in limiting internal SO3 contents in concrete. Some standards put maximum limits for SO3 …
Steel slag, which has low CaO content, is a by-product of steel processing. The steel slag consisting iron oxides is ground into sizes as coarse aggregates used for concrete.
The preparation of seawater sea-sand recycled concrete (SSRAC) by combining seawater, sea-sand and recycled coarse aggregate is of great significance for the utilization of marine resources and environmental protection in China. The sulfate corrosion test in this...
The combined effect of sulphates present in aggregates and high levels of chloride ions in the mixing water on some properties of concrete was studied. Different amounts of sulphates in sand (0.38, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0% SO3) with chloride contents in water (50, 750, 1000, 3000 and 6000 p.p.m. as Cl−) were used. The compressive strength was …
In order to improve the properties of machine-made sand concrete, the effects of the aggregate micro fines (AMF) content, aluminum sulfate, and polypropylene fibers (PPF) on the slump, compressive ...
The problem of internal sulfate attack in concrete is widespread in Iraq and neighboring countries. This is because of the high gypsum content usually present in sand and gravel used in concrete. Specifications usually put upper limits of SO3 content in cement, aggregate and concrete. The upper limit of SO3 content is calculated …
The sulfate D-W cycle is a common form of serious deterioration in concrete engineering [23]. By the Chinese code GBT50082-2009, the test of sulfate attack and D-W cycles was conducted by a rapid D-W machine. The solution selected are water (0 %), 3 % and 5 % Na 2 SO 4 [24], [25]. The 100 mm × 100 mm × 400 mm specimens were …
