Overall, the cellulose pretreatment using the ILs and the DES had superior kinetics for cellulose hydrolysis to the conventional ball milling treatment, suggesting a possibility to replace the ...
The ball-milling cellulose and the carbon together created good physical contact between the solid substrate and solid catalyst before the reaction, selectively and drastically improving the depolymerization rate of cellulose to oligomers. ... The hydrolysis of cellulose over sulfonated carbons was promoted greatly by elevating the sulfonation ...
The consecutive pre-treatment of cellulose with periodate and bisulfite was used as a new potential method to promote nanofibrillation of hardwood pulp and to obtain nanofibrils with sulfonated functionality. Nanofibrils having typical widths of 10–60 nm were obtained from sulfonated celluloses having low anionic charge densities (0.18–0.51 …
The sulfonated porous polymer was finally separated by centrifugation, thoroughly washed with deionized water until the pH of filtrate reached about 7, and then dried under vacuum. Ball Milling of Cellulose (Avicel) Ball milling was …
The ball milling pretreatment remarkably decreases the degree of crystallinity of microcrystalline cellulose with a reduction of molecular weight via disrupting the hydrogen bond and partially breaking the β-1,4 …
An integrative process for efficient saccharification of hemicellulose and cellulose components from lignocellulosic biomass is of strategic significance for a sustainable society. Raw carbohydrate-lignin matrix demonstrates low reactivity due to existence of crystalline zones and lignin inhibition. To overcome these obstacles, the …
Hydrolytic conversion of cellulose over heterogeneous acids. Reaction conditions: cellulose pretreated by ball-milling 0.05 g, catalyst 0.05 g, water 5 mL, reaction time 24 h, temperature 423 K.
Onda et al. were the first to study the conversion of ball-mill pretreated cellulose over sulfonated activated carbon catalysts, and they achieved a notable glucose yield of 41%. 8 Suganuma et al. investigated the catalytic performance of amorphous carbon bearing SO 3 H, COOH, and OH functional groups. 9 The authors reported 68% cellulose ...
Cellulose (Avicel PH-101, microcrystalline) was characterized (i) as received from Sigma-Aldrich and (ii) after 24 h ball-milling pretreatment. Ball-milling with 25 g of cellulose was carried out using ZrO2 balls (mass 7.5 g; diameter 1.8 cm). SEM images of cellulose before and after ball-milling are given in Figure S5.
etary ball mill (Across International Co., USA) was used with a 5-liter capacity steel container and steel balls of ø5 mm, ø10 mm, and ø20 mm for 80 min and 120 min milling time, respectively. One jar was loaded with a ball-to-material ratio (BMR) of 29.6:1. The rotation speed of the disc was maintained at 270 rpm with one rotation direction ...
The optimization of cellulose hydrolysis in a microwave reactor (MWR) in the presence of bamboo-derived sulfonated catalyst was studied through a response surface methodology (RSM). Three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to study the effects of hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time, and catalyst to …
of regenerated cellulose using sulfonated SBA-15 catalysts.26 Compared to homogeneous acids, the relatively low glucose ... ically breaking hydrogen bonds in cellulose. A ball milling
Overall, the cellulose pretreatment using the ILs and the DES had superior kinetics for cellulose hydrolysis to the conventional ball milling treatment, suggesting a possibility to replace the ...
In contrast, concerted ball-milling (CBM) of cellulose with the sulfonated carbon promotes a heterogeneously catalyzed hydrolysis to soluble oligosaccharides.
15 Although ball-milling is an effective technique to reduce cellulose, its mechanical grinding characteristics raises several issues, including high energy consumption, prolonged milling time ...
In this work, the combined effects of microwave reactor and sulfonated bamboo catalyst in the hydrolysis of previously untreated cellulose (96% of crystallinity with 3.61 nm average crystallite size) at higher temperature were studied. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, elemental analysis, TGA coupled with …
Ball milling pretreatment of cellulose. Ball milling was performed to reduce crystallinity by mechanically breaking hydrogen bonds in cellulose. A ball milling equipment consisted of a general laboratory roller ball miller, a …
To improve the reaction efficiency, ball-milling and solubilization in ionic liquids of cellulose were adopted. A maximum total reducing sugar yield of 81.8 % was obtained in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride at 125 °C for 90 min when the water addition was 10 % of ionic liquid. ... (GCS). The sulfonated solid acids of ...
Ball-milling cellulose and the carbon together created good physical contact between the solid substrate and solid catalyst before the reaction, selectively and drastically improving the ...
The glucose selectivity during cellulose hydrolysis using a sulfonated carbon catalyst was 83.9% and retained 98% of its performance after recycling. ... The ball-milling cellulose and the carbon together created good physical contact between the solid substrate and solid catalyst before the reaction, selectively and drastically improving the ...
Ball-milling induced amorphization promotes a substantially higher substrate reactivity, because homogeneous hydrolysis occurs preferentially from less ordered structural domains in cellulose. In ...
ball-milled for 24 h. In the untreated cellulose, the major peak at 2θ = 22.5° can be assigned to the crystalline plane 002. A comparison of the patterns clearly reveals a decrease in …
Ball milling was performed to reduce crystallinity by mechanically breaking hydrogen bonds in cellulose. A ball milling equipment consisted of a general laboratory roller ball miller, a porcelain jar (3.6 L) and a zirconia …
microcrystalline cellulose was pre-treated by ball-milling for 48 hours in order to decrease the crystallinity (Fig. S3†). 19 The hydrolysis of cellulose was performed under the following con-
The ball-milling was performed in a planetary ball mill (LP-1, Ito Seisakusho, Japan) at 300 rpm for 6 h, in which 1.6 g of microcrystalline cellulose or Japanese cedar wood powder with 64 g of zirconia balls with a size of 10 mm were put in a zirconia pot (80 cm 3). Meanwhile, the microcrystalline cellulose or Japanese cedar …
The optimization of cellulose hydrolysis in a microwave reactor (MWR) in the presence of bamboo-derived sulfonated catalyst was studied through a response surface methodology (RSM). Three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to study the effects of hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time, and catalyst to substrate …
The effect of ball milling on the crystallinity index of cellulose was also studied by Ahmad and co-workers. 26 They treated crystalline cellulose in a planetary ball mill at 600 rpm for 2 hours and studied the differences between the starting material and the final product by a range of techniques including FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, SEM and ...
It is found that the AL-derived carbon catalysts at the pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C (denoted as AL-Py-450) exhibited the highest activity in the hydrolysis of ball …
2.2.5 Ball-Milling and Mix-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose. Microcrystalline cellulose (10 g) was ball-milled in the presence of ZrO 2 balls (ø1.0 cm, 1 kg) in a ceramic pot (0.9 L) at 60 rpm for 96 h or in the presence of Al 2 O 3 balls (ø1.5 cm, 2 kg) in a ceramic pot (3.6 L) at 60 rpm for 48 h. Mix-milling of cellulose and solid …
