Over the past three decades, a significant amount of literature has examined alternative lixiviants to cyanide for recovering gold, while few industrial applications have been reported due to...
Albion Process™ has real-world success in delivering consistently high recoveries – up to 97% in refractory gold and over 99% in chalcopyrite copper concentrates. It has much lower capital cost than traditional leaching plants like pressure oxidation (POx) plants and because it operates at atmospheric pressure, it completely avoids the ...
Despite the strict environmental management regulations, there is still a considerable adverse impact on the ecosystem and human health when it comes to large-scale gold mining operations. Gold mining is an energy-intensive process that can discharge substantial quantities of chemicals combined with gaseous emissions into the
They perform more satisfactorily in treating copper-gold or refractory sulfide ores than cyanidation. Currently, the thiosulfate gold leaching operation at the Goldstrike mine, Nevada, of Barrick Gold Corp is the only large-scale gold extraction plant with an alternate lixiviant (Azizitorghabeh et al., 2021). Although research on sulfur ...
These include (but not limited) the high consumption of thiosulfate, the passivation of gold surface, the potential hazard of ammonia, and more critically that, the gold leaching kinetics in thiosulfate solutions at ambient temperature is Fig. 10 Flow diagram of thiosulfate leaching gold process from Barrick Gold Corporation [128] …
The pyrometallurgical industry plays a vital role in producing metals for our modern life. With growing demand of metals and declining grade of mineable ore, innovations become critical for many mining companies. It is necessary to conduct a review of recent improvements to the pyrometallurgical industry on analytical measurement …
Flowsheet of Anglo Asian Mining's process for treatment of gold/copper ore with heap leaching, CIX and SART technology. ... The recovery of Au and Ag from a roasted copper-rich pyritic refractory gold ore (78 g/t Au, 6.8 g/t Ag, 1.38 % Cu and 3.09 % Fe was investigated. Cyanide leaching and adsorption tests were performed at …
High-grade refractory gold reserves offer the potential for lower costs per ounce despite higher capital and operational costs. A focus on three action areas can …
Hypochlorite leaching system is a strong oxidizing solution for metal sulfides, which are naturally associated with gold extraction. This study evaluated the hypochlorite leaching of refractory ...
of non-refractory and refractory gold. Gold in non-refractory sulfide ores can be recovered by whole-ore cyanidation, or some combination of flotation and cyanidation. Acceptable extraction of refractory gold can only be achieved by employing a pre-oxidation process prior to cyanide leaching. Antimony, bismuth sulfide and telluride
The pretreatment process of refractory gold concentrate calcine can be expressed with Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation and depends on the diffusion. ... copper extraction by cyanide complexing ...
Copper – ethylenediamine – thiosulfate leaching is described as an alternative green way of gold extraction. •. Under optimal conditions, a gold extraction …
A study was carried out to process a sulfide mineral concentrate from Norwest of Mexico containing 97 g/t Au, 0.15% Cu, and 15% Fe. An oxidative acid pretreatment was investigated using ferric sulfate as oxidant, followed by leaching of gold with sodium cyanide. Scanning electron microscopy, SEM-EDS, and X-ray diffraction, …
The ongoing depletion of gold and silver-containing ore deposits demands a shift towards the processing of more complex sources. Leaching of gold or silver from these sources, which are named refractory and are typically low-grade, can be complicated due to one or more of the following effects: (1) kinetic or thermodynamic impediments on …
However, with the increasing refractory nature of gold ores and restrictions on cyanidation, interest in halide-based gold leaching processes was renewed in the 1990s (Tran et al., 2001). The. Microbial leaching. Currently, approximately 5 % of global gold production is from biomining (Yarlagadda et al., 2016).
Environmentally friendly extraction of gold from refractory concentrate using a copper – ethylenediamine – thiosulfate solution
The successful commercialization of a pressure oxidation (POX) process for recovering metal values, including gold, copper, zinc, nickel and molybdenum, is the result of a carefully planned development program. The initial task involves developing one or more conceptual flowsheets, including the POX autoclave and downstream purification …
Overview of the main processes in the extraction of gold from raw materials. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of the mineral processing of gold ores, with special focus on alternative leaching reagents to cyanide that can facilitate …
The application of pressure oxidation (POX) followed by thiosulfate gold leaching is an efficient method used to extract gold from double refractory gold ores containing both sulfide and carbonaceous matter. This process is expected to result in high gold recovery rates, as it liberates gold from sulfides and eliminates the preg-robbing …
Marsden JO, House CI (2009) The chemistry of gold extraction, 2nd edn. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME) Inc. Google Scholar Fleming CA (2010) Basic iron sulphate – a potential killer in the processing of refractory gold concentrates by pressure oxidation. Miner Metall Process 27(2):81–88.
Selecting the preferred process for the treatment of a refractory gold ore or concentrate involves a number of aspects including the metallurgical and mineralogical characteristics of the ore, any …
Sonora, Mexico has several deposits considered rich in precious metals such as gold, silver, and copper. Several mining projects in the state have found unique refractory ores that are not technically or economically treatable under conventional extraction processes [1,2,3].Researchers have sought economical and efficient …
Most gold deposits occur associated with sulphides like pyrite and arsenopyrite; thus, precious metal dissolution is possible by oxidizing auriferous sulfide concentrate using simultaneous pressure oxidation and cyanidation. The effectiveness of this process of extraction can be influenced by the temperature, cyanide (NaCN) …
the eld of gold extraction and smelting, refractory gold ore is one of the most important gold resources at present [2]. Approximately 30% of the world's gold production ... it was subjected to treatment with a copper ammonia thiosulfate solution to extract gold, investigating the direct inuence of the pretreatment process on the e-cacy of ...
The results of thermodynamic calculations showed the possibility of extracting gold in the form of its chloride from complex refractory gold-copper-arsenic-bearing products under the conditions …
The study indicates that the major challenges in processing complex gold-copper ores through the conventional cyanidation method include (1) increase in …
According to a recent article by global consulting firm McKinsey, approximately one-quarter of the gold in geological reserves and resources can be considered refractory, with gold production from refractory ores expected to grow 1.4 % in the next four years, versus 0.3 % for non-refractory ores.
Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 30(2020) 1111âˆ'1123 Simultaneous extraction of gold and zinc from refractory carbonaceous gold ore by chlorination roasting process Hong-jun WANG1, Ya-li FENG1, Hao-ran LI2, Jin-xing KANG1 1.
