The aim of this process is to produce potassium sulfate, a high-value fertilizer, from sulfate solutions obtained after dissolving Moroccan phosphogypsum in NaOH medium.
The aim of this process is to produce potassium sulfate, a high-value fertilizer, from sulfate solutions obtained after dissolving Moroccan phosphogypsum in NaOH medium.
The production of potassium sulfate from phosphogypsum and potassium chloride in the presence of ammonia and isopropanol has been investigated. …
Potassium sulphate can be manufactured using various raw materials and methods. Sulphate reserves are becoming increasingly limited. The process of using PG, as a sulphur source for potassium sulphate production, reduced the production cost. Furthermore, this method avoids the formation of acidic by-products (such as HCl). …
Research on Two-step Conversion Process to Make Potassium Sulfate from Phosphogypsum. Dengqi Li. Published 2015. Chemistry. Sulphur Phosphorus & Bulk …
In this present work, the transformation of the Moroccan phosphogypsum (PG) waste, considered a potential source of sulfate, into potassium sulfate compound could help reduce environmental impact and create a new value chain for the phosphate industry. Generally, solid–liquid equilibria are frequently applied in chemical industries.
Phosphogypsum (PG), a by‐product of phosphoric acid industry, causes environmental issues. In this paper, PG was effectively transformed into alpha‐calcium sulfate hemihydrate (ɑ‐CSH) via a semi‐liquid method. The phase evolution and the effects of different organic acids and pH values on crystal morphology of the α‐CSH were …
Section snippets The Phosphogypsum process. Potassium sulfate can be produced by the double decomposition reaction of potassium chloride and phosphogypsum in aqueous ammonia solution at low temperatures. 2 KCl + CaSO 4 ·2 H 2 O → K 2 SO 4 + CaCl 2 +2 H 2 O The presence of ammonia prevents the formation of …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the wet-process phosphoric acid process, which causes serious environmental issues. In this work, PG was taken as raw material to prepare α-calcium sulfate ...
The wet process, in which phosphate rock is usually treated with sulfuric acid, is the prevalent way of manufacturing phosphoric acid today (Becker and others, 1989). This procedure leads to the production of considerable amounts of hydrated calcium sulfate, commonly referred to as PG (see simplified mass balance in Fig. 1). In …
1. Introduction. Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the industrial wet process used to produce phosphoric acid. For each molecule of calcium fluorophosphate, 3 mol of phosphoric acid and 5 mol of PG are produced [1], [2].The main component of PG is calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O), which contains a small amount of …
In this process, the attack of 2 tons of PR with sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) produces about 1 ton of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) and 5 tons of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) known as phosphogypsum waste (PG) [].Annually, the current production of PG worldwide is more than 250 million tons [].In Morocco, it exceeds 25 …
The impurities in phosphogypsum and its harm to the environment were introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of the widely used pretreatment methods were analyzed in this paper. The application of phosphogypsum in the fields of cement retarder, building materials, agriculture, the production of sulfuric acid co …
Analytical grade glycerol (C 3 H 8 O 3), sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4) and citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ·H 2 O) were purchased from Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. PG was collected from a phosphate fertilizer plant in Guizhou Province, China. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) (X'Pert PRO, PANalytical Company, Netherlands) …
Phosphogypsum(PG) is one of the typical bulk industrial solid wastes generated in the phosphate chemical industry. Due to its huge production volume and immature resource treatment technology, a large amount of PG can only be stored and disposed in slag yards, and its impact on the ecological environment is becoming …
Section snippets Materials. Analytical grade glycerol (C 3 H 8 O 3), sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4) and citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ·H 2 O) were purchased from Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. PG was collected from a phosphate fertilizer plant in Guizhou Province, China. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) (X'Pert PRO, PANalytical …
Abstract—The possibility of obtaining potassium sulfate by converting calcium sulfate (phosphogypsum) and potassium chloride in an ammonia solution was investigated. The …
The aim of this process is to produce potassium sulfate, a high-value fertilizer, from sulfate solutions obtained after dissolving Moroccan phosphogypsum in NaOH medium.
Phosphogypsum is the most significant industrial solid waste in the world. Phosphogypsum has a complex composition and its traditional storage methods occupy large areas of land and also damage the environment. Currently, phosphogypsum is mainly used for the direct preparation of construction materials and chemical auxiliary …
Phosphogypsum origin the solid waste discharged from the production of phosphoric acid. The main component is calcium sulfate dihydrate, as well as incompletely decomposed phosphate rock, residual phosphoric acid, fluoride, organic matter and so on. On the one hand, phosphogypsum is the key component of PPSC and the major …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of phosphoric acid production, where worldwide PG generation exceeds 300 million tons annually. The vast majority of produced PG is discarded …
Phosphogypsum (PG), the main industrial by-product of phosphate fertilizer industry, primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate. However, it contains various impurities with variable quantities depending on the origin of the phosphate rock. These impurities can restrict the reuse of phosphogypsum as a secondary primary resource.
Phosphogypsum (PG) as a by-product was obtained from the production of phosphoric acid [].PG contains CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O mainly and some impurities such as phosphates, fluorides, silicon [], etc.Over 150 million and 10 million tons of PG were produced per year in the world and China, but only 4.3–4.6 % and 2–3 % were reasonably utilized [].A great …
The obtained results show the high efficiency of portlandite Ca(OH)2 resulting from the dispersion of phosphogypsum in alkaline potash solution followed by releasing of potassium sulphate as a co ...
A new preparing process for K 2SO 4 from (NH 4) 2SO 4 was developed. The effects of the raw material mole ratio, reaction temperature,crystal temperature, time and crystal improver on the comversion of the raw material and the compoisition of products were studied through orthogonal experiment and individual experiments. Meanwhile, the …
Phosphogypsum is a by-product of phosphoric acid industrial production, and its stacking volume is increasing year by year, which brings a great threat to the environment and agricultural safety. The way of comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum was described, and the mechanism of phosphogypsum producing …
The paper discusses process conditions of preparing potassium sulfate with phosphogypsum by one-step process.The best process factors are obtained by …
The process of potassium sulfate crystallization from aqueous solutions in the presence of organic modifiers containing phosphonic, phosphate, sulfonic, sulfate and carboxyl functional groups has ...
Abstract—The possibility of obtaining potassium sulfate by converting calcium sulfate (phosphogypsum) and potassium chloride in an ammonia solution was investigated. The optimal conditions for the process at various concentrations of ammonia solution were determined. When using a 25% solution of NH3, the stirring time is
Abstract Phosphogypsum (PG) is a calcium sulphate dihydrate and a by-product ... (ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate, urea, sodium sulphate and calcium carbonate) (Ennaciri et al. 2016;IFA 2018). ... The wet process is still the most popular one because it is economical and has been proven adaptable to various types of phosphate …
To improve the process of potassium sulphate prepared from phosphogypsum (under study, no product, only method) in ammonia solution, the …
This work shows the possibility of obtaining potassium sulfate by converting phosphogypsum and potassium carbotane by the reaction CaSO 4 + K 2 CO 3 → ↓ CaCO 3 + K 2 SO 4 . The optimal ...
The effect of temperature on phosphogypsum conversion was evidenced reacting a high concentration of phosphogypsum waste (1.3 M) with potassium hydroxide to produce portlandite Ca(OH) 2 and potassium sulfate K 2 SO 4. At 80 °C, the conversion is complete since we were able to avoid the formation of syngenite phase which blocked …
Phosphogypsum (PG), commonly known as calcium sulfate, is a waste by-product generated during the production of phosphoric acid by the wet phosphoric acid process (WPA). It is well known that every year the phosphate industries produce a large quantity of PG around the world (i.e., Currently, global production of this waste is …
